About Social Anxiety

Are you frozen in social situations, heart racing as you desperately try to appear 'normal'? Does the thought of certain interactions leave you strategically planning every detail—from keeping your phone handy as a safety net, to rehearsing conversations in your head?Social anxiety affects millions, yet often goes unrecognised.

Social anxiety shows up in two key ways: interpersonal anxiety (fear during social interactions) and performance anxiety (distress when being observed or evaluated).

It's not just about being 'shy'—it's about experiencing genuine fear and distress in social situations, whether that's during casual conversations with others, or when you're the focus of attention.

You might find yourself developing sophisticated coping strategies: avoiding eye contact during social interactions, over-preparing for presentations, or always having a prop nearby. Some situations might feel manageable, while others trigger overwhelming anxiety—and that's perfectly normal. Many people experience both types of anxiety, with different situations triggering different responses.

Understanding which type of social anxiety you are experiencing can be the first step toward feeling more comfortable in these situations.

The differences between interpersonal and performance anxiety venn diagram and their link to social anxiety

Interpersonal Anxiety

  • Social Gatherings

    • House parties

    • Birthday celebrations

    • Family gatherings

    • Casual meetups

    • BBQs and picnics

    • Dinner parties

    Day-to-Day Interactions

    • Small talk w

    • Chatting with shop assistants

    • Phone calls

    • Asking for help/directions

    • Group chat conversations

    • Coffee catch-ups

    Work/Professional

    • Team lunches

    • Office social events

    • Networking events

    • Casual workplace chat

    • After-work drinks

    • Team building activities

    Group Dynamics

    • Friend group meetups

    • Group conversations

    • Being part of a team

    • Social clubs/groups

    • Class discussions

    • Committee meetings

    One-on-One Situations

    • First dates

    • Job interviews

    • Meeting new people

    • Deep conversations

    • Expressing disagreement

    • Being assertive

    Digital Interactions

    • Video calls

    • Group chats

    • Social media engagement

    • Online networking

    • Virtual meetings

    • Digital socialising

  • Fear and worry about how you come across and what other people think of you.

  • Body Sensations

    • Racing heart

    • Sweating (especially hands and face)

    • Shaky voice

    • Muscle tension (especially neck and shoulders)

    • Blushing/feeling hot

    • Butterflies in stomach

    • Dry mouth

    • Tight chest

    • Shallow breathing

    Voice/Speech Changes

    • Voice trembling

    • Speaking too fast

    • Speaking too quietly

    • Voice becoming higher pitched

    • Words getting jumbled

    • Mind going blank mid-sentence

    • Struggling to find words

    Body Language

    • Fidgeting

    • Difficulty maintaining eye contact

    • Hands shaking

    • Nervous laughter

    • Rigid posture

    • Crossing arms protectively

    • Playing with objects/hair

    Cognitive-Physical Symptoms

    • Brain fog

    • Difficulty concentrating on conversation

    • Feeling disconnected from body

    • Heightened self-awareness

    • Feeling 'stuck in your head'

    • Difficulty processing what others are saying

    • Sensory overload in groups

  • Safety Behaviours

    • Keeping phone in hand as a prop

    • Always holding a drink

    • Standing near exits

    • Finding tasks to look busy

    • Having a friend as a safety person

    • Preparing conversation topics in advance

    • Staying on the periphery of groups

    Avoidance Strategies

    • Leaving events early

    • Making excuses not to attend

    • Arriving late to miss initial socialising and small talk

    • Looking at phone to avoid interaction

    • Taking frequent bathroom breaks

    • Sticking to "safe" people

    • Declining spontaneous invitations

    Performance Strategies

    • Over-preparing for casual conversations

    • Rehearsing potential responses

    • Monitoring facial expressions

    • Planning exit strategies

    • Scripting social interactions

    • Practicing conversations beforehand

    • Always agreeing to avoid conflict

    Self-Protection

    • Limiting self-disclosure

    • Avoiding eye contact

    • Speaking less in groups

    • Letting others lead conversations

    • Not expressing opinions

    • Staying quiet unless spoken to

    • Deflecting attention to others

Performance Anxiety

  • Formal Settings

    Being Observed

    • Working while being watched

    • Eating in public

    • Writing while others watch

    • Using a computer with others nearby

    • Being observed during tasks

    • Walking into a room

    • Being the centre of attention

    Performance-Based

    • Music performances

    • Dance recitals

    • Sports competitions

    • Acting/theatre

    • Giving demonstrations

    • Teaching/leading groups

    Social Performance

    • Making speeches at events

    • Wedding speeches

    • Birthday toasts

    • Leading social events

    • Being filmed/photographed

    • Speaking on camera

  • Fear and worry about how you come across and what other people think of you.

    • Shaking hands

    • Voice trembling

    • Excessive sweating

    • Racing heart

    • Nausea

    • Light-headedness

    • Difficulty breathing

    • Tight chest

    • Muscle tension

    • Mind going blank

    • Stuttering/stumbling over words

    • Face becoming flushed

    • Difficulty maintaining eye contact

    • Feeling frozen/paralysed

    • Tunnel vision

  • Preparation

    • Over-preparing/rehearsing

    • Memorising scripts

    • Recording/filming self

    • Practicing excessively

    • Creating detailed notes

    • Having backup plans

    Avoidance

    • Declining leadership roles

    • Avoiding spotlight moments

    • Sitting at back of room

    • Turning down opportunities

    • Making excuses

    • Calling in sick

    Performance Management

    • Reading from notes

    • Speaking quickly to "get it over with"

    • Avoiding eye contact with audience

    • Focusing on friendly faces

    • Using props for distraction

    • Taking beta blockers/medication

Many people experience both types of interpersonal and performance anxiety. Both types of anxiety stem from a nervous system that's protecting you and is hypervigilent to perceived social threats.

Whether you're having a casual conversation or giving a presentation, the core fear is often the same: being seen as 'not enough' and risking rejection from the social group.

  • "I went from being unable to leave my room in my flat share to dropping all my coins in a library without anxiety. Thank you so much"

    Female, 22

  • "I'm glad I reached out. For a long time I thought public speaking anxiety was a stupid problem to have so I never did anything about it and thought I would just get over it. I'm really glad we worked together and I'm now able to progress in my career to a level I didn't think I could manage before. Thank you again."

    Female, 37

  • "I never thought I'd be able to attend university after delaying for 7 years. This September I am starting a medicine degree."

    Male, 25

  • "I've seen [teen name] bloom into the person he was before the bullying incident. As the sessions progressed and he progressed, I felt my own anxiety reduce. I can only assume he felt incredibly safe with you given the changes he made."

    Mother of client

Sophia Spencer Psychotherapist

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